The
Psychological Testing Movement
- James
MCKeen Cattell (1860-1944) Strongly influenced by Galton.
- Alfred
Binet (1857-1911) The first psychological approach to intelligence
--looking at intelligent behavior . Develops the notion of Mental Age
(MA) and Chronological Age (CA)
- Henry
Goddard (1866-1957) A nativistic view of intelligence.
Work with immigration.
- The
Kallikak Family
- Though
by the 1920's Goddard withdrew his previous strongly nativistic
conclusions, hi work was used by the Nazis and re-printed in German
in 1933.
- Psyche
Cattell (1893- 1989) (daughter of James McKeen Cattell)
- The
Cattell Infant Intelligence scale (still popular, a downward extension
of the Binet)
- Florence
Goodenough (1886-1959)--Draw-A-Man test.
This test is now known as the Goodenough-Harris drawing test. The revised
test features a new standardization, a drawing quality score, and the
Draw-a-Woman test.
- William
Stern (1871-1938): developed the Intelligence Quotient:
MA/CA
- Lewis
M. Terman (1877-1956) Adapted Binet's test, created the
Standford Binet.
Longitudinal gifted studies.
- Maude
Merrill James (1888-1978): worked with Terman in all his research.
- Robert
Yerkes (1876-1956)
- Founded
the primate Research
Center, still existing at Emory University.
- First
collective tests of intelligence: the Army Alpha and Army Beta
- Charles
Spearman (1863-1945 ) Two-factor theory of intelligence:
general and specific factors.
- David
Wechsler (1896-1981) Developed two well-known intelligence
scales:
- Wechsler
Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS)
- Wechsler
Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
- Arthur
Jensen (1923 - ) Major proponent of the heredity position.
- Nancy
Bayley (1899 -1994) Infant scales. Berkeley Growth Study.
- Herrnstein,
Richard G. and Murray, Charles The Bell Curve (1994)
- APA
report --Board of Scientific Affairs-- Neisser and al. 1996
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